Awareness of another person’s emotions, experiences and values. Acquiring abilities to read nonverbal cues like the tone of voice, gestures, and facial expressions is key for developing empathy.

Understanding another person’s emotions and experiences, and the ability to proactively take their perspective. Training own self-awareness and self-empathy enhances the ability to understand others and to reduce personal distress when confronted with others’ feelings.

Responsiveness to another person’s emotions and experiences, being  conscious that group belonging influences one’s attitude. Educational interventions aimed at increasing the ability of perspective-taking, developing self-awareness, and providing positive experiences of otherness help in developing empathy.